2．酶活性与内含物转化：伴随着鲜叶水分的散失以及体内呼吸代谢活动的进行，叶细胞膜透性及酶活性渐趋增强。特别是水解酶活性有较显著地增强，促进了叶内含大分子不可溶性的物质降解转化，形成分子量较小、溶解度大的物质。同时也有一定的氧化变化作用，致使青叶在萎凋阶段其可溶物有不同程度增多，这对增进乌龙茶品质有着积极的意义。

　　 3．气味：随着萎凋时间的推移，离体叶渐趋衰亡，叶组织细胞严密的整体结构趋于解体，许多结合态的芳香成分变成游离态，容易向外扩散挥发。率先挥发的多为具有青臭气的低沸点的组分。因此，萎凋阶段青叶多显示有强烈的青臭气特征。同时，萎凋阶段，由于物质的转化作用，也会部分地形成新的芳香成分。据测定，类似乌龙茶萎凋作用的红茶萎凋过程，芳香成分可由鲜叶的40多种增至60多种。萎凋阶段，对于乌龙茶品质香气的构成也是不可缺少的环节之一。

　　4．色泽：鲜叶色泽在萎凋阶段，由于色素组成的改变，如黄旦，毛蟹品种的叶绿素含量分别为0.262％(占干量)和0.363％(占干量)而其萎凋叶分别减为0.249％和0.281％，多酚类氧化产物的形成，失水后细胞汁液浓度的加大等，由富有光泽的鲜绿色渐转为暗绿色，且失去光泽特征。

　　总之，萎凋突出的变化机制是失水。在失水条件下，和呼吸代谢的带动下，鲜叶的一系列物理和化学特性也随之改变。这一转化为后续工序的进行作好了鲜叶在理化性状上必要的准备。对整个工艺而言，它是开路先锋，类似于一支曲子的第一个定音音符，虽然整支曲子的模式不是由于这个音符可以确定，但是，由它定下的调门，有着贯穿一曲终了的深远的影响作用。

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